Inflammatory bowel Disease 

Inflammatory bowel disease is characterized by ulcerations in small or large intestine. Two common inflammatory bowel diseases are Ulcerative colitis and Crohns disease.
Ulcerative colitis

Ulcerative colitis is disease characterized by ulcerations in large intestine 

Common symptoms are: 

1.    Diarrhoea

2.    Blood in stool

3.    Urgency (patient has to rush to toilet)

4.    Incontinence (passage of stool in cloths)

5.    Pain abdomen

6.    Weight loss 

Diagnosis 

Diagnosis is confirmed by colonoscopy and biopsy 

Treatment 

1.    Treatment depends upon severity of disease

2.    Mild disease is treated by Mesalamines

3.    Moderated and severe disease is treated by Steroids, antimetabolites, and Infliximab

4.    Severe cases may require surgery 

Crohns disease

Crohns disease is characterized by ulceration in small and large bowel. 

Symptoms of Crohns disease are 

1.    Pain in umbilical region

2.    Diarrhea

3.    Blood in stool

4.    Vomiting and upper abdominal pain

5.    Weight loss

6.    Fever

7.    Abdominal lump 

Diagnosis

Following tests are required for the diagnosis and evaluation of extent of the disease 

1.    Colonoscopy and biopsy

2.    CT enterography

3.    Barium study

4.    Double balloon enteroscopy

5.    Capsule endoscopy 

Treatment

Treatment depends upon the severity and extent of disease 

1.    Mild disease is treated by mesalamine

2.    Moderate disease is treated by oral steroids and antimetabolites

3.    Severe disease activity may require steroids, antimetabolites and Infliximab