Dyspepsia

Dyspepsia is a group of symptoms pertaining to upper abdomen, such as

Post prandial fullness

Early satiety

Epigastric pain

Epigatsric burning

Bloating in upper abdomen

Nausea and vomiting

Belching

Most of the times, after investigations no organic cause is found in these cases and dyspepsia is labeled as functional dyspepsia.

Organic causes of dyspepsia are

Gastroesophageal reflux disease

Peptic ulcer disease

Gastric malignancy

Tuberculosis/sarcoidosis

Menetriers diseases

Parasitic infections

Diabetes mellitus

Scleroderma

Medications

Chronic pancreatitis and pancreatic malignancy

Hypothyroidism

Hyperparathyroidism

Myocardial ischemia

Functional dyspepsia

Functional dyspepsia is defined as post prandial fullness, early satiety, epigastric pain or burning in the absence of gastrointestinal, systemic or metabolic causes likely to cause these symptoms

Investigations

Young patients with dyspepsia and without alarming symptoms such as dysphagia, weight loss, anemia, bleeding can be given a trial of medication , and should be investigated in case of persistent symptoms

Middle aged or elderly patients with fresh onset symptoms, or patients with alarming symptoms should be investigated

Following are investigation done in patients with dyspepsia

UGIE and H pylori testing

CBC/LFT/LFT

Thyroid function test

USG abdomen

Other investigation may be required depending the clinical situation

Treatment